Sebastian,
TM 9-428 says they use the fuze BD Mk. V which was non-delay. That manual is for the M1903 and M1905 guns, which also fired the projectiles you list. It also shows a diagram of the color code of the day, which was yellow body with black lettering. There was an inert practice loading of the same projectile that was black with white lettering.
The Mk V fuze is described in TM 9-456 12 inch gun material, as it was also used with the 12 inch seacoast mortar. It is described as Boresafe, nondelay, and is assembled to the projectile and then covered by the base cover, so it is not visible.
Lexpev has the manual TM 9-424 for the model 1900 gun, but the fuzes aren't listed in it.