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I can provide an overview of the mining procedures employed by the Ukrainian side. Due to the high density of hostile UAVs, manual mining of the forward edge of the battle area is nearly impossible. For forward-area mining, drones are utilized to deploy various munitions, primarily improvised versions of the PTM-3 anti-tank mine, PFM-1 anti-personnel mines extracted from cluster submunitions or other improvised explosive devices.
In the rear areas (20–30 km from the frontline), we are constructing continuous anti-tank and anti-personnel defensive lines consisting of anti-tank ditches, concertina wire "dragon's teeth" and obstacles, which may be further reinforced with additional anti-tank and anti-personnel minefields
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